![]() ![]() Don’t operate at high frequency and pressureġ).Some of the safety precautions of function generator are The modulations AM (Amplitude Modulation), FM ( Frequency Modulation), or PM (Phase Modulation) are supported.The maximum sine wave distortion for analog generators is about 1%.For an analog generator, the frequency stability is 0.1 % per hour.The wide range of frequencies are generated by this generator.This generator produces five types of waveforms.The general-purpose functional generator specifications are shown below The pin 1, 7,8,14 are the output pins, pin 2,6,9,4 are the inverting input pins, and pin 3,5,10, 12 are the non-inverting input pins, pin 4 is the Vcc (power supply), and pin 11 is the ground. The LM324 is an integrated chip that consists of 14 pins. The pin diagram of the LM324 IC is shown below. Function Generator Circuit Diagram with LM324 Op-Amp The circuit contains three operational amplifiers, the first operational amplifier generates the square wave, the second operational amplifier generates the triangle wave output, and the third operational amplifier generates the sine wave output. The components required for this circuit are LM324 op-amp chip, two 10kΩ resistors, four 100kΩ resistors, 22kΩ resistor, 220kΩ resistor, 1μF ceramic capacitor, 33 nF ceramic capacitor, 10nF capacitor, and 100k Ω potentiometer. The LM324 is a 14-pin integrated circuit, the circuit diagram of the function generator with LM324 is shown below. Sine Wave, Square Wave, and Triangle Waveįunction Generator Circuit Diagram with LM324 Op-Amp Sine, Triangle, Square, Ramp, Pulse Waves The different type of function generators products are shown in the below table The clock source, timing margin test, dc power supply test, testing audio DAC are some of the applications of a function generator. In this way, the three types of waveforms are produced by this generator which are having different frequencies. The output waveforms of this generator are shown below. The resistance diode network changes the triangle waveform slope as its amplitude produces and changes a sine waveform with a <1% distortion. The output of the comparator provides a square wave which has the same frequency as the output voltage. The lower constant current source two supplies reverse control to the integrator, and due to this reverse current, the output voltage of the integrator decreases linearly with the time. When the slope of the o/p voltage increases or decreases then the constant current supply source 1 will be increases or decreases. The output voltage of the integrator due to the upper current source is expressed. The first output voltage of constant current supply can be increased linearly with the time, whereas the lower current source provides a voltage to change the output voltage of the integrator which will decrease linearly with time. The frequency control network provides the voltage, and this voltage goes to regulate the two constant current supply sources like upper and lower. The frequency of the o/p waveforms can be changed by using this knob
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